Robert J. Sawyer
Calculating God
I found this an intriguing novel It's a first contact novel with a surprising theme. An alien spaceship lands on the grounds of the Royal Ontario Museum. The aliens speak English, of course, and ask to see a paleontologist. This happens to be Thomas Jericho, who by the way is an atheist. This is important.
The aliens want permission to study the large collection of fossils held by the museum. They are looking for more evidence that will scientifically establish the existence of god. According to the aliens, there are three sentient races,including humans, in this part of the universe, and all three have suffered five catastrophic events at about the same time, all of which actually increased the probability of sentient life developing on those three planets. Hollus, one of the aliens, believed this to be proof of a guiding intelligence who is trying to develop sentience in the universe.
Much of the novel consists of philosophical discussions regarding the findings and their implications. Jericho, being an atheist, provides a counter-argument to the aliens' conclusions. These discussions do not involve religion or theology to any extent. Sawyer does speculate somewhat on the reactions of the various religious groups to the aliens' and their conclusions. The discussions between Jericho and the alien Hollus are solely on the basis of physical evidence and its interpretations.
Overall, I thought it was an interesting novel on a very hotly debated issue, but it was brought out in a way I had never seen before. It is not a novel that works to persuade its readers in one direction or the other. It simply speculates on what would happen if there was unequivocal physical evidence for the existence of God in non-religious or theological setting.